Heavy-duty commercial vehicle fuel consumption limit will be released, lightweighting heavy trucks into a trend
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The work on the development of the "Limit of Fuel Consumption Limits for Heavy Commercial Vehicles" standard is in full swing and is expected to be finalized in July and August 2011. This means that the commercial vehicle energy saving policy that started collecting data four years ago has entered a real countdown. For commercial vehicle companies that have been in conflict with this policy, a more stringent emission standard means that an industry revolution is coming.
Recently, it was learned from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formulated and completed the National Standard for Measuring Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicles. It is stepping up the development of national standards for “Limited Value†and is expected to be completed and released in 2011. China will become a world leader in comparison. One of the countries that released early as a standard for fuel consumption of heavy vehicles.
Heavy-duty fuel consumption is inevitable
In recent years, relevant national departments have been trying to expand the energy-saving policies of cars from light passenger vehicles to medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Since 2001, they have formulated and implemented the Test Methods for Fuel Consumption of Light Vehicles and the Fuel Consumption Limit of Passenger Vehicles. A series of national standards such as “Value†and “Limits for Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles†have formed a relatively complete light oil vehicle fuel consumption management system, and based on this, from June 2010, consumers who purchase energy-saving vehicles are given Financial subsidy.
However, energy-saving policies for commercial vehicles have been slow. In May 2007, the relevant national authorities began to compile the “Standard for Fuel Consumption of Heavy-duty Commercial Vehiclesâ€. After four years of repeated argumentation, there has been no substantive progress. According to industry analysts, the main reason for the slow progress is that there are no international standards that can be referenced. At present, only Japan has established limits and measurement methods for fuel consumption of medium and heavy commercial vehicles. However, due to Japan's large differences in land area, geographical environment and other aspects of China, the choice of measurement methods does not have much reference value.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which has guided the energy-saving automobile industry as the main function, is the main department to promote this standard. After soliciting comments from industry enterprises, in January 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology passed the “Measurement Method for Fuel Consumption of Heavy-duty Commercial Vehiclesâ€, which is the “limit valueâ€. The introduction of the test provides the basis for detection. The regulations stipulate that the models range from the M2, M3 and N gasoline and diesel vehicles with the maximum design total mass of more than 3500kg; the M1 vehicles with the maximum design total mass above 3500kg can be referred to.
The measurement method adopts the parallel study of the drum test and the simulation test. At the same time, two test schemes, the chassis dynamometer test method and the simulation calculation method, are proposed. For the basic type vehicle, the chassis dynamometer method should be adopted to determine the fuel consumption; for the modified vehicle, Vehicle manufacturers choose to use simulation or chassis dynamometer method to determine fuel consumption.
However, in the opinion of commercial vehicle companies, even if the measurement method is unified, the final fuel consumption standards are still to be devised. Unlike commercial vehicles and passenger cars, the fuel limit of passenger cars can be implemented because the conditions for use of passenger vehicles are relatively simple. The experimentally measured fuel consumption value does not differ greatly from the actual value, but more examples of medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles are. Even if it is divided into basic and variant vehicles, in the basic model, there are various types of engine and gearbox that are differently matched because of different uses and different operating conditions; models with rear axle speed ratio and speed adjustment, and car height It is difficult to set only one fuel consumption standard for car models with different car lengths.
It is understood that although the comparison of passenger cars and commercial vehicle fuel consumption standards is more complex, the introduction of the policy in 2011 has been firmly established. In July 2011, related experiments were conducted for the final introduction of the "Limited Value" standard.
Heavy truck lightweighting into trend
Once the "Limit" is implemented, the entire heavy-duty truck industry will be tied to oil consumption, and the heavy-duty truck industry will soon face the pain of industrial upgrading. This is undoubtedly worse for the heavy-duty market that has experienced a sharp decline. Constrained by various factors, the heavy commercial vehicle market in 2011 did not continue the hot in 2010, and the decline was more prominent in April.
According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers' Production and Sales News, in April 2011, commercial vehicles produced and sold 378,800 and 409,700 vehicles, a decrease of 14.69% and 14.81% from the previous quarter and a year-on-year decrease of 10.10% and 7.84% respectively. More severe is that in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, South Korea and other countries, the proportion of medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles is below 3%, while the proportion in China exceeds 8%. The brutal competition is overweight, and the heavy truck industry is about to usher in a new round of big waves.
Many domestic heavy-duty truck companies are implementing a lightweight body strategy to reduce fuel consumption. Lightweight heavy trucks are a new trend in the development of heavy trucks. The weight of automotive vehicles is reduced by 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%, and enterprises with lightweight technologies are in the future. There will be more advantages in competition. In fact, in response to industrial upgrading, the domestic truck manufacturers have adopted joint ventures to introduce advanced foreign technologies. The joint venture between Futian and Daimler, CNHTC and Man intensified, accelerating the technological differentiation in the heavy truck industry.
With the upgrading of emission standards and upgrading of heavy-duty trucks, old products purchased since 2003 will be gradually phased out. More consumers will switch to the purchase of mid- to high-end heavy-duty trucks with long life and low fuel consumption. Leading companies will enter sales volume and profitability in the next five years. The golden period.
Alnico magnets are produced by casting or sintering processes.[8] Anisotropic alnico magnets are oriented by heating above a critical temperature and cooling in the presence of a magnetic field. Both isotropic and anisotropic alnico require proper heat treatment to develop optimal magnetic properties-without it alnico's coercivity is about 10 Oe, comparable to technical iron, which is a soft magnetic material. After the heat treatment alnico becomes a composite material, named "precipitation material"-it consists of iron- and cobalt-rich[9] precipitates in rich-NiAl matrix.
Alnico's anisotropy is oriented along the desired magnetic axis by applying an external magnetic field to it during the precipitate particle nucleation, which occurs when cooling from 900 °C (1,650 °F) to 800 °C (1,470 °F), near the Curie point. Without an external field there are local anisotropies of different orientations due to spontaneous magnetization. The precipitate structure is a "barrier" against magnetization changes, as it prefers few magnetization states requiring much energy to get the material into any intermediate state. Also, a weak magnetic field shifts the magnetization of the matrix phase only and is reversible.
Alnico magnets are ideal for high temperature applications up to 550ºC
. Cast Alnico Magnet is very stable, has good corrosion resistance and a typical hardness of 50 Rockwell C. Once cast, the material is so hard that the only machining possible is grinding
. Cast AlNICo Magnet represents the most versatile magnet material available. The range of properties can be accurately designed for specific applications by changes to element analysis and heat treatment.