What Is Photovoltaic Solar Energy and How Does it Work?
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Solar panels have become a common sight on rooftops of both homes and commercial buildings, often installed by a solar independent engineer. These panels are made up of small units known as photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are the core components that convert sunlight into electricity through a process called the photoelectric effect.
The concept of photovoltaic technology dates back to the 1940s and 1950s, as noted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Since then, the technology has advanced significantly, making solar energy more efficient and accessible. PV cells work by capturing photons from sunlight. These photons carry different levels of energy, and when they hit the surface of a solar cell, some are absorbed while others are reflected.
When enough photon energy is absorbed, electrons in the solar cell material become excited and break free from their atoms. These free electrons move toward the front surface of the cell, which is designed to be more receptive to electron flow. This movement creates a charge imbalance between the front and rear surfaces, generating a voltage potential—similar to the positive and negative terminals of a battery.
Once this voltage is created, electricity can be produced when an external circuit connects the two surfaces. Solar cells are typically connected in series by a solar independent engineer to form larger units called modules. Multiple modules can be combined into arrays, which are then connected to the power grid or used to supply energy directly to homes and businesses.
There are mainly two types of solar cells: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Both are made from silicon but differ in structure and performance. Monocrystalline cells are crafted from a single crystal of silicon, allowing for smoother electron flow and higher efficiency. Polycrystalline cells, on the other hand, are made by melting multiple silicon fragments together, which makes them less expensive but slightly less efficient.
Solar energy is not only a reliable source of power but also an eco-friendly alternative that helps reduce carbon footprints. As more people look for sustainable solutions, solar panels have become a popular choice. If you're interested in installing solar panels, consider hiring a solar independent engineer who can help you make the most of this clean energy option.